Study Of Historical Processes Research Articles

Revisionism and (evil) the use of history by Bulgaria towards Northern Macedonia and its integration into the European Union

History is a social science, which is concurrently humanistic since it offers not only knowledge about the past, but through the study of historical processes and phenomena influences the creation of a representation of today's concepts and social processes. History is the foundation on which the personality of each individual is built and formed, particularly in education where history models the mankind about their knowledge of themselves and others. Unfortunately, in more or less all Balkan historiographies there is a certain extent of history mythologizing, reinterpretation of facts depending on the needs of usually the government or certain structures and centers of power, and the imposition of truth that should not be discussed, or what is written in textbooks. That is why the mentioned structures create purposeful crises, and then they manage them and, if necessary, resolve them. Socio-political relations are changing and most frequently, apart from a small circle of people who have an interest, ordinary people and society as a whole suffer from long-term harmful consequences that can often get out of control. That is why history has become a powerful weapon that is very often used to manipulate and achieve various, mostly political goals. That is why it is difficult to be a historian in the Balkans! It is quite normal and logical for historians to argue and disagree about certain historical processes and phenomena, but the problem is that because of the above mentioned, historians become an instrument for achieving a certain goal and ideology. One such example is North Macedonia, which suffers consequences in its development, position in the world and realization of its strategic goals precisely because of the (mis)use of history and historical revisionism. This is particularly pronounced by the blocking of North Macedonia to start the negotiations for EU membership by Bulgaria due to the history and processes in the past that are not in line with the so-called Bulgarian historical narrative. Using an argument of force, not facts, using its better international position, Bulgaria creates and imposes a narrative on the Bulgarian identity of the Macedonian people, and the Macedonian language for the Bulgarian dialect, with the relativization of the then Bulgarian participation in the fascist coalition, and the negation of the occupying regime. This is utterly inappropriate for one state to intervene in this way on the history and historical facts of another state. Bilateral disputes are not new to Europe, but the way and pressure that Bulgaria is exerting on North Macedonia is morally and legally unjustified, in which a large part of historians are co-sponsors, becoming an instrument of certain structures. In addition to the analysis of controversial attitudes and positions as a result of historical revisionism of Bulgarian institutions and „historians“, the paper shows that the development of relations between the two countries is directly correlated with changes in government and governing structures, i.e, their ideologies and needs. The resolution of disputes related to the past is possible only with the application of modern approaches and depoliticization of history and its role in modern society.

Значение философского анализа истории для экологического образования

Discussed is the need for a historical analysis of the relationship between man and nature for the formation of the theoretical basis of environmental education is considered. It is shown that a holistic picture of the historical interaction between mankind and the Earth’s biosphere is necessary for understanding modern global processes: the disclosure of the causes of the ecological crisis will help to create programs for the greening of human activity. Traditional historical approaches developed by the philosophy of history are not suitable for solving this problem, since they do not take into account the natural limitations of technological progress and the evolutionary role of humanity in the biosphere. The article discusses new concepts proposed for a comprehensive study of historical processes and the biosphere transformations caused by them. It is concluded that the level of their development does not yet allow using them for educational purposes. Nevertheless, the analysis of the consequences of technical development made with their help in the context of historical reality makes it possible to reflect the trend of technologization of man and nature. The main regularities of the relationship between mankind and the biosphere can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio of biological and technological factors, on which the life of people depended in different eras. Understanding the nature of the modern ecological crisis is necessary for the development of scientifically grounded programs to neutralize the negative consequences of the formation and expansion of technical reality.

Sport and physical culture as implementation tools in the social and cultural sphere

This article aims to show the diversity of physical and sports life of Belarusians at various stages. The evolutional process of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus has been highlighted. The experience of organizing the management of sports movement has been widely disclosed. The process of improving the scientific and methodological base has been described. The purposeful work of state bodies with youth and various categories of the adult population in the development of the sociocultural sphere using physical culture has been demonstrated. The article is devoted to the consideration of physical culture and sports in the context of solving the tasks of the Republic of Belarus in the social and cultural sphere. The study of historical processes in the field of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus is fragmented. The main problems in the sports industry have been analyzed, and the role of physical culture in their solution has been determined. The importance of such sporting events as the Olympic Games has been reflected in the formation of a positive image of the country in the international arena. The history of physical culture and sports guided by the doctrine of society, considers the emergence and development of physical culture and sports in the framework of two economic formations: capitalist and socialist. Each of them has its own characteristics and patterns. The study of history allows us to consider the entire course of the development of physical education and sports in mutual connection with other aspects of society.

HISTORICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL CONDITIONS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE EARLY STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD

The article is devoted to the study of historical processes of formation and development of local self-government in the early stages of formation of Ukrainian statehood. The author singles out nine main periods of formation and development of local self-government in Ukraine: the pre-state period from the time of the emergence of tribal unions to the formation of Kievan Rus (up to the ninth century); early feudal period (IX century - XIV century); the period of medieval Europeanization (XIV century - XVII century); the period of Cossack statehood (XVII century - XVIII centuries); period of imperial centralization (XVIII century - early XX century); the period of restoration of Ukrainian statehood (1917–1920); the period of Soviet centralization (1920-1991); the initial period of building an independent Ukrainian state (1991-2014); the modern period of development of the independent Ukrainian state (since 2014). The article substantiates the thesis that the key aspects of modern understanding of the essence and legal nature of local self-government were formed in the early stages of Ukrainian statehood. In particular, the ancient Russian origin has the definition of the local community as the original bearer of local self-government, while the idea of the system of local self-government and their organizational, legal and financial independence comes from the medieval Magdeburg law. The period of Cossack statehood laid the foundations for the inviolability of the principle of democracy in the activities of local governments. It is concluded that the emergence of local self-government is a universal phenomenon, and self-governing structures of local government are inherent in almost all peoples and nations, but specific forms of local self-government have national specifics, formed as a result of centuries of historical development. In the history of formation and development of Ukrainian local self-government it is appropriate to distinguish nine main periods, starting from the pre-state period of tribal alliances and ending with the modern period of building an independent Ukrainian state, characterized by active decentralization of state power.

Вклад Г.Х. Рабиновича в изучение истории буржуазии дореволюционной Сибири

Исследованию истории регионального предпринимательства посвящено много работ сибирских историков. При изучении историографического освоения проблематики весьма важным видится обращение к персоналиям ученых, внесших наиболее существенный вклад в развитие темы. Одной из наиболее значимых фигур советских историков, посвятивших свое научное творчество истории буржуазии в дореволюционной Сибири, является Григорий Хацкельевич Рабинович. По изучению истории буржуазии ученым проделан большой путь, и сегодня можно констатировать многочисленные публикации, их жанровое многообразие, огромное увеличение источниковой базы и документов. Г.Х. Рабиновичем опубликовано более 50 научных работ. Для трудов историка характерны широкий охват проблематик исследования, изучение исторических процессов на основе богатого архивного материала, включение сибирской истории в контекст российской и мировой. Предложенные профессором принципы и структурные компоненты анализа буржуазии в настоящее время считаются общепринятыми. Серьезное исследование предпринимательства Сибири началось именно с его творчества, значение которого еще не до конца оценено. Выводы исследователя получили дальнейшее развитие в трудах современных историков Сибири. Тематика проблем, связанных с изучением истории предпринимательства буржуазии, позволяет утверждать, что научное наследие Г.Х. Рабиновича можно отнести к несомненным достижениям сибирской историографии третьей четверти XX в.

Ground of concepts of mountain economy and economic geology

Subject of research: natural and cost information that displays over-resourceobjects and processes of over-use. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theconcepts that theoretically determine the geological, industrial and cost aspects ofsupra-use, mining, economic geology, mining economics; generalization,systematization of their possible objects; determination of the main researchmethods and the importance of super-resources in the further development of theeconomy, the domestic mineral resource base, taking into account the requirementsfor scientific research and production needs for sub-resources. The researchmethodology consists in applying a set of methods: historical (processes of formationof minerals and their deposits in the distant past), comparative, abstract-logicalanalysis (definition of the concepts of economic geology and mining economics),generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals), legal analysis ( studyof the legal framework for substantiating definitions of economic geology andmining economics). The results of the work - it is justified that the concept ofsubsoil use should be considered as a cross-cutting scientific and economic activity,which covers the study of historical processes of mineral formation, a modern studyof the geology of the subsoil, exploitation of deposits, mining, preparation ofextracted minerals for further transfer through the sphere of commodity-moneyor barter exchange, their movement in space and time into the sphere of processingor directly production or th of application. The concept of requirements unitesminerals, mineral deposits, the processes of their exploration and exploitation. Inthe narrower case, the required processes are considered as a complex of processesand individual works on the study of deposits, mining and mineral processing, thatis, directly with minerals. Accordingly, we propose a mining economy to beconsidered as a scientific industry in a wide and narrow interpretation. Extraspecificexploration and mining production, infrastructure processes (storage, movementof minerals, etc.) are widely studied; in the narrow-mining. Conclusions-on alegal basis, summarized as objects of research in the mining economy, as objectsof economic relations for economic theory, it is proposed to take mineral deposits,minerals, processes and processors of subsurface exploitation, labor of enterprisepersonnel, which is used for exploration and production of sub-resources, thenthere are natural objects, living and embodied labor of enterprises. Economicgeology studies information and determines the cost estimates of explorationresearch and work.

Подходы к историческому районированию Сибири: историографический аспект

The article provides an overview of approaches to the historic zoning in Siberia. The study of historical processes by means of attraction spatial analysis is becoming a trend in historical science. Zoning is considered as the main element of the spatial patterns study. The problems of zoning are mainly researched by geographers. However, for historians they are no less interesting and important for research of space. First studies on zoning in the XVIII century were conducted out of cognitive interest. Today, the issues of zoning requires an integrated approach (historical and geographical zoning), as well as micro- and meso-level zoning. Regionalization of Siberia is characterized by various trends (historical and cultural, historical and ethnographic, historical, linguistic, etc.). For large expanses of Siberia, the allocation of these levels is urgent and important in the cognitive study of the territory. Historical zoning Siberia allows selecting the features and patterns in the historical development on the basis of a whole complex of features.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)3.2-30

The value of DNA sequence data for studying landscape genetics

AbstractIn a recent Opinion article in Molecular Ecology, Wang (2010) emphasizes the fact that current patterns of genetic differentiation among populations reflect processes that have acted over temporal scales ranging from contemporary to ancient. He draws a sharp distinction between the fields of phylogeography (as the study of historical processes) and landscape genetics (which he restricts to very recent processes). Wang characterizes DNA sequence data as being inappropriate for the study of contemporary population processes and further states that studies which only include mitochondrial DNA or chloroplast DNA data cannot be considered part of landscape genetics. In this response, we clarify the generally accepted view that DNA sequence data can be analysed with methods that separate contemporary and historical processes. To illustrate this point, we summarize the study of Vandergast et al. (2007), which Wang mischaracterizes as being confused in terms of temporal scale. Although additional focus should be placed on the important issue of correct data interpretation, we disagree strongly with the implication that contemporary and historic processes cannot be separated in the analyses of DNA sequence data.

Why Hungary and Poland differed in 1989: The role of medium-term frames in explaining the outcomes of democratic transition

This article has two goals. First, it seeks to enhance our understanding of the factors underlying the divergent outcomes of the round-table negotiations that accompanied transition from communism in Hungary and Poland. It argues that existing explanations emphasizing aspects of the immediate negotiating context should be supplemented by a medium-term perspective focusing on the frames through which actors conceived the options available. The second goal is to argue for an understanding of democratization as the outcome of complex, contingent and prolonged processes of interaction among actors and between actors and context. This does not imply that parsimonious modelling is not useful in democratization studies. But to understand democratization processes fully, modelling approaches need to be combined with more configurative study of historical processes.

A Sociologist Meets History Critical Reflections upon Practice

Abstract ‘Why be quantitative?’Harold D. Lasswell asked that question several decades ago. His answer was: to take advantage of the rigor and precision that comes with quantification. Since then, quantification has spread across social science disciplines, putting qualitative approaches on the defensive. This paper examines the practices of quantitative sociologists in their study of historical processes. Much ritualism is found in those practices; much rhetoric in quantification. Alas, Lasswell's good intentions seem to have gone lost in a ritual called ‘hypothesis testing.’The author reflects critically upon his own practices and on the forms of quantification and the strategies of explanations that he has adopted.

Galton's Opportunity: The Hologeistic Study of Historical Processes

Galton's Opportunity: The Hologeistic Study of Historical Processes